The use of lasers to process or shape according to certain requirements through the interaction with substances is collectively referred to as optical manufacturing. In the past 20 years, optical manufacturing technology has penetrated into high-tech fields and industries, and has begun to replace or transform certain traditional processing industries. In the automobile industry of developed countries, 50%-70% of parts are processed by laser pointer. Optical manufacturing technology is playing an increasingly important role in improving the level of R&D and manufacturing in the automotive industry.
Features of light manufacturing technology. At present, the light source used in optical manufacturing technology is mainly laser. The laser beam has the characteristics of high energy density, high single palladium, and high directivity, so that optical manufacturing technology has many advantages that traditional manufacturing technologies cannot. The tool used in this technology is a “laser knife”, and there is no tool wear during processing; there is no cutting force on the workpiece during processing, so there is no cold working deformation of the workpiece; due to the high energy injection speed during processing, the heat impact on the workpiece is small, so The thermal deformation of the workpiece is small, and it can be close to or reach the “cold” processing state, realizing high-precision manufacturing that cannot be performed by conventional technology.
Laser has good spatial controllability (beam direction change, rotation, scanning, etc.) and time controllability (on, off, pulse interval), which is particularly suitable for automated processing and has high production efficiency in large-scale manufacturing; Laser Engraver processing objects The material, shape, size and processing environment have great freedom; low noise, no harmful rays and residues, little pollution to the environment in the production process; saving molds, shortening product development cycle, and reducing development costs; less material waste , Low manufacturing cost in large-scale production.
The category of light manufacturing technology in the automotive industry. Optical manufacturing technology in the automotive industry can be divided into three categories: optical “cold” processing, optical “hot” processing, and optical rapid prototyping. Optical “cold” processing technology The optical manufacturing technology corresponding to the conventional cold processing technology includes laser cutting, laser drilling, laser marking and laser cutting. The laser cutting speed is fast, the incision is smooth and flat, the cutting edge parallelism is good, and there is no subsequent processing after purchase; the slit is narrow; the incision has no mechanical stress, no shearing burr; high processing accuracy, good repeatability, and no damage to the surface of the workpiece.
Laser drilling has fast speed and high efficiency, and is suitable for large number and high-density group hole processing; laser drilling can obtain a large depth-to-diameter ratio, which can be processed on various materials such as hard, brittle, and soft, even in Small holes are processed on the inclined surface of difficult-to-process materials; the laser drilling process is clean and pollution-free. green laser pointer marking is a non-contact marking, fast, and the marking is not easy to wear. The laser marking machine is easy to integrate with the assembly line.
Laser cutting is a process similar to milling in machining, which uses a focused laser beam to cut the material layer by layer. Optical “thermal” processing technology The optical manufacturing technology corresponding to the conventional thermal processing technology includes laser welding, laser surface strengthening, laser cladding and alloying. Laser welding is a process in which a high-intensity laser beam is used to locally heat the metal to be welded to above the melting temperature and fuse to form a welded joint.